Lil Quick Reference

Types

`typeof`	False	Examples
`"number"`	`0`	`42` `37.5` `-29999`
`"string"`	`""`	`"foo\nbar"`
`"list"`	`()`	`11,22,33` `list 3`
`"dict"`	`()dict()`	`("a","b") dict 11,22`
`"table"`	n/a	`table range 2` `insert a with 1 end`
`"function"`	n/a	`on x y do x+y end`

Primitives

Valence	Purpose
monad	arithmetic	`-` `!` `floor` `cos` `sin` `tan` `exp` `ln` `sqrt` `mag` `unit` `heading`
monad	reducers	`count` `first` `last` `sum` `prod` `min` `max` `raze`
monad	data	`range` `keys` `list` (enlist) `rows` `cols` `table` `typeof` `flip`
dyad	arithmetic	`+` `-` `*` `/` `%` (y mod x) `^` (pow) `&` (min) `\|` (max)
dyad	logical	`<` `>` `=` (conforming equal) `~` (match) `unless` (x if y is `0`)
dyad	string	`fuse` `split` `parse` `format` `like`
dyad	data	`,` (concat) `@` (index each right) `dict` `take` `drop` `limit` `in`
dyad	joins	`join` (natural join/zip) `cross` (cross join/cartesian product)

Flow

if bool ... end
if bool ... else ... end
if bool ... elseif bool ... else ... end (etc)
each val key index in x ... end
while bool ... end
send name[args]

Queries

select exprs clauses from y reorder, compute, or filter a table
update exprs clauses from y modify rows/columns of a table in place
extract exprs clauses from y like select, but yields non-tabular values
insert c1 c2 with "A" 11 "B" 22 end create a new table
insert c1 c2 with "A" 11 "B" 22 into d append to a table

exprs can be any number of expressions in the forms:
- an implicitly named bare expression (id, 2*index)
- an explicitly named expression (ident:id, dogyears:7*age)
- a quoted name, for invalid identifiers ("not a lil id":foo)
- if no expressions are provided, all columns will be returned, like select * in SQL

clauses can be any sequence of the following, evaluated right to left:
- by a: group rows by the unique values of column b
- where a: filter rows by a boolean column a
- orderby a asc/orderby a desc: sort rows, comparing values of column a as by </>

special columns/values available when computing any column expression:
- index: magic column of original row numbers
- gindex: magic column of current row number within group (or all rows if ungrouped)
- group: magic column of row's group, by appearance (or 0 if ungrouped)
- column: dictionary of the entire group's columns (or all rows if ungrouped)

Formatting

A format is %[name]*-0N.DX: * skip, 0 pad, N width.

- is invert char class (ro) or left justify.

.D is decimal places (fc), size of char class (ro), or truncate to D characters.

`X`	Purpose
`%nmz`	Parsing	literal `%`, number of chars read, matches? matches to end?
`ro`	Matching	repeat (0 or more in char class), optional (0 or 1 in char class)
`sula`	String	string, uppercase string, lowercase string, ASCII chars
`bficChH`	Number	bool, float, int, currency (`-$1.23`), plain currency (`-1.23`), hex lowercase, hex uppercase
`jep`	Misc.	JSON, unix epoch, time-parts {`year`, `month`, `day`, `hour`, `minute`, `second`}
`qv`	Lil	quoted Lil string literal, Lil variable name

Glob patterns for like:

.: any single character.
#: any single digit 0-9.
*: 0 or more of any character.
backtick escapes a subsequent special character.